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well actually there is a couple of answers to that question. the unused pins (I guess he didnt see these or something?)on the dock are mostly used for digi out (i2s), but without the apple chip it isnt sent to them. you do not always need the apple chip to do it though, there have been a few manufacturers that have been able to get digi out of the ipod without it, but generally it requires the ipod hardware to be modified. i2s is present in the ipod, just as any digital audio device, but its very weak, so needs buffering to make a usable signal.
so with the apple chip, it tells the ipod that it is allowed to send the audio data, this is sent in the form of i2s audio data via USB, not usb data, to the pins in the -pinout you linked that dont have pin assignments. in this case the idevice is acting as master and is actively sending the data.this is the form that is probably happening with the ipad with camera connection kit (mine are on their way ;))
similar is the case of it outputting usb audio, mostly it is being slaved to the receiving device, so the receiving device must have its own power and must be able to decode usb audio, not usb data. this also needs hardware, but it does not always have to be the apple hardware.Matt the designer of the JH3a and the portable ipod transport, had his box working well before apple came to the party, in fact i'm not even sure if he has it yet.he has worked on devices that have got approval and has also worked for apple, so he knows a trick or 2.
then the third type is usb data, sometimes there must be a host (like a laptop or desktop) that slaves the ipod and copies the file, decodes it and then plays it. this last type doesnt need apple hardware and can be any computer that can host and receive usb
the first 2 are the tricky ones, that are only now starting to become more common, I guess someone, somewhere is starting to ease up on the copyright law.
of course, I dont work for apple either and am not privy to such inside knowledge, but your friend's reasoning that its because there are no digital audio pins is flawed, because the unused and unnamed (coded) pins are the ones that are used for this.along with the serial pins on pin 12 and 13, i2s is a serial communications protocol
so its a bit complicated.;)
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